Nexyad Intelligence :
Experts say driverless cars will require artificial intelligence

Automakers intending to bring driverless cars to market need to work as much on software design as mechanical engineering, the researcher leading Nissan Motor Co.’s automated-vehicle program said.

Making cars that are “deliberative” in assessing road conditions, rather than just reactive, requires artificial intelligence, Maarten Sierhuis, director of Nissan’s Silicon Valley research center in Sunnyvale, California, said in an interview. The carmaker, which aims to sell vehicles that can drive themselves by 2020 or sooner, is developing software to read and filter sensor data much as a human brain does, he said.

To read more : http://www.newsday.com/classifieds/cars/experts-say-driverless-cars-will-require-artificial-intelligence-1.8817975


NEXYAD has been working on such an Artificial Intelligence through their risk of accident computing module SafetyNex.

SafetyNex is a knowledge-based system that computes a huge data fusion : information about the navigation map, speed of the car, accelerations, visibility, grip(adherence), time to collision, interdistance, … This data fusion aims to compute a risk of accident : low score means the driver (human driver … or Artificial Intelligence, robot) drives in a safe way. This SafetyNex is an artificial intelligence that should work embeded with the driving robot.

The first market of SafetyNex is Insurance companies that need to score the behaviour of drivers (pay how you drive …), it doesn’t need to be as precised and reliable than it should be for a driverless car, but NEXYAD started to deploy and then will be the most experienced ADAS/AI company on this subject in 2020 when autonomous cars will invade the streets.

Nexyad made experimentation in the same path with four different driving behaviour, each second we recorded points that represent a score of safety and of Eco driving. The more high on the graphic is the points the more safe is the driving, the more right the more Eco :

Good & Bad drivers


Sportive & Quiet Drivers

Some insurance companies gave up measuring driver behaviour :
Nexyad explains why their settings are ineffective

According to the newspaper ‘Les Echos », AG Insurance gave up linking driving behavior to accident. For eight months, the insurer has equipped the car of staff members with « smartbox ». Verdict? Nah, nothing interesting linkable to driving style !
In 2014, the bank insurer KBC had reached the same conclusion after a test conducted with 150 employees, whose car was equipped with a device provided by TomTom.  »
AG Insurance

Read more : http://www.lecho.be/entreprises/services_financiers_assurances/AG_Insurance_renonce_a_lier_la_prime_auto_au_comportement.9729053-3028.art?ckc=1&ts=1455208594

For Nexyad, there is no mystery. Until now the applications or cases expected to provide data on the behavior of drivers all operate on the same principles :
– severe acceleration and braking
– Vehicle geolocation
– Cornering speed / curves
– Usage (mileage, road types, driving schedules, for example)

This information does not measure the « good behavior » that may inform actuaries of insurance on real risks taken by their clients.
Indeed, the correlation between the brutal acceleration (or severe braking) and road safety is a mistaken belief. The assumption that severe braking would report to a lack of anticipation of the driver, and instead a slight braking would be a sign of good anticipation is definitely wrong. This has been formally shown and demonstrated by experts in road safety. Besides, these same experts believe that an Eco driving is necessarily dangerous: Eco driving mainly keeping as most as possible the vehicle’s inertia, and thus slowing down as little as possible, which would push the Eco drivers to delay their decision of braking including when they approach a vulnerable road user (pedestrians, bicycles, scooters, etc.).
Nexyad worked since 2001 on these issues through four national collaborative research programs and now has a totally disruptive application that measures the Eco driving, but also road safety and those two measurements has no correlation).

This work consisted, for 15 years, in building the causal rules that lead to accidents. This is entirely different of statistical approaches. An insurance actuary may find that the majority of drivers under 25 years old with a red car have more accidents than others, and then this actuary could modulate its pricing on this criterion. This is reasoning on correlations and not cause and effect. Nexyad is the first and only company that can bring cause and effect considerations into accident risk assesment for insurance companies.

Nexyad developed the module SafetyNex which decodes the difficulties of the road infrastructure (dangerous curves, intersections, pedestrian crossings, school zone, etc.) relates those difficulties to the behavior of the vehicle through a grid of cause and effect. The construction of this grid of cause and effect required 15 years of knowledge extraction among a panel of road safety experts (their job is to explain accidents, and find ways to reshape roads and infrastructures in order to reduce statistics of accidents – national and European).

SafetyNex has been validated by INRETS (now became IFFSTAR) that deployed 500 vehiclesand compared risk estimation by SafetyNex with the accidents database « MAIS » of the National French Gendarmerie. We could demonstrate that SafetyNex estimates risk of traffic accident, as an immediately usable score for actuaries of insurance (for example).

NB: Accidents are rare events (one every 70 000km on average). This is why teams of road safety improvement at the national level have set up « observatories of cars trajectories ». They allowed to count the « near misses ». A near miss is accident that were prevented at the very last second (because one of the drivers had the proper reflex, …). When observing a repeat of near misses, then you end up getting an accident (near misses are at least a hundred times more numerous than accidents).
Nexyad is the only team of telematics solutions that brings this knowledge of these near misses and that is able to share it with the risk estimation experts at insurance companies.

How it works ?
Every second, a risk score and an Eco score are computed by SafetyNex, depending on the vehicle speed relative to the difficulty of the road infrastructure. Drivers can be warned in advance, 4 seconds before arriving on the dangerous area. Then SafetyNex may also decrease the number of accident (or the severity of accidents when they can’t be avoided).
SafetyNex establishes daily or weekly reports on the risk and eco and shows what could have been better (advices on driving efficiency improvement).
Insurers may get reports too : the real risk indicators. This is what Nexyad called SafetyNex signature driving behavior (duration at every level of risk, for instance).

View demos 4 films on the same route (1mn30):

Example of a good driver : both safe and Eco.

Example of a bad driver : both waste and risky

Example of a sporting driver : waste but safe most of the time

Example of a quit driver : eco, but very dangerous. Note : because this driver shows no severe braking, no over speed, then telematics solutions (except SafetyNex) will classify this driver as a GOOD DRIVER : this is a proof that severe brakin and over speed DO NOT give ANY information about road safety.

Des assureurs renoncent à mesurer le comportement des conducteurs !
Nexyad explique pourquoi leurs paramètres sont inopérants.

Selon les Echos « AG Insurance renonce à lier la prime auto au comportement. Pendant huit mois, l’assureur a équipé la voiture de collaborateurs d’une « smartbox ». Verdict? Bof, pas de quoi lier la prime au style de conduite.

En 2014, le bancassureur KBC avait tiré les mêmes conclusions d’un test mené auprès de 150 collaborateurs, dont la voiture avait été équipée d’un dispositif fourni par TomTom. »

Lire la suite : http://www.lecho.be/entreprises/services_financiers_assurances/AG_Insurance_renonce_a_lier_la_prime_auto_au_comportement.9729053-3028.art?ckc=1&ts=1455208594


Pour Nexyad, il n’y a pas de mystère. Jusqu’à aujourd’hui les applications ou boîtiers censés fournir des données sur le comportement des conducteurs fonctionnent sur de mêmes principes falsifiables :

– remontée des données d’accélération et de freinage
– géolocalisation du véhicule
– vitesse dans les virages/courbes
– usage du conducteur (kilométrage, types de route, horaires de conduite par exemple)

Ces informations ne permettent pas de mesurer la « bonne conduite » et de renseigner les actuaires des assurances sur les risques réels pris par leurs clients.
En effet, la corrélation entre la brutalité des accélérations d’une part, la sévérité des freinages d’autre part et la sécurité routière est une croyance erronée. L’hypothèse selon laquelle un freinage sévère relèverait d’un manque d’anticipation du conducteur, et au contraire qu’un freinage léger serait le signe d’une bonne anticipation est fausse. Cela a été démontré formellement par les experts de la sécurité routière. D’ailleurs ces mêmes experts sont persuadés qu’une conduite Eco est nécessairement dangereuse : conduire Eco c’est garder l’inertie du véhicule, et donc freiner le moins possible, ce qui pousserait les conducteurs Eco à retarder leur décision de freinage y compris devant un vulnérable (piétons, vélos, scooters, etc.).

Nexyad a travaillé depuis 2001 sur ces questions au travers de 4 programmes de recherches nationaux collaboratifs et dispose aujourd’hui d’une application totalement disruptive qui mesure l’Eco conduite, mais aussi la sécurité routière.
Ce travail a consisté durant 15 ans à construire les règles de causalité des accidents. Cela est entièrement différent des approches statistiques. Un actuaire d’assurance qui constaterait que la majorité des conducteurs de moins de 25 ans possédant une voiture rouge ont plus d’accidents que les autres pourrait moduler sa tarification sur ce critère. Ceci est un raisonnement sur des corrélations et non pas sur des relations de cause à effet.
Nexyad a développé le module SafetyNex qui est à ce jour le seul au monde à décoder les difficultés de l’infrastructure routière (courbes dangereuses, intersections, passages piéton, zone écoles, etc.) rapportées au comportement du véhicule selon une grille de relations de cause à effet. La construction de cette grille a nécessité 15 ans de recueil d’expertises auprès des experts chargés de réaménager les routes afin de réduire les statistiques nationales et européennes d’accidentologie.

SafetyNex a été validé par les roulages de 500 véhicules de l’Institut de recherche INRETS devenu IFSTTAR, puis par des comparaisons d’estimation du risque avec la carte des accidents de la route du fichier « MAIS » de la gendarmerie nationale. Nous avons démontré que SafetyNex mesure un risque d’accident de la route, variable immédiatement utilisable pour les actuaires des assurances (par exemple).
NB : Les accidents sont rares (un tous les 70 000km en moyenne). C’est pourquoi les équipes chargées de la sécurité routière au niveau national ont constitué des observatoires de trajectoires qui permettent de compter les « quasi-accidents ». Un quasi-accident est un accident évité de justesse. Lorsqu’on observe une répétition de la fréquence de quasi-accidents, on finit par obtenir un accident (les quasi-accidents sont au minimum cent fois plus nombreux que les accidents).
Nexyad est la seule équipe proposant des solutions télématiques qui a connaissance de ces quasi-accidents, qui intègre les règles de causalité de l’accidentologie à son module SafetyNex et qui peut les partager avec les experts d’estimation de risque et des bases de sinistralité des assurances.

Comment ça marche ?
Chaque seconde une note de risque et une note Eco sont mesurées par SafetyNex en fonction de la vitesse du véhicule rapportée à la difficulté de l’infrastructure routière. Le conducteur peut être prévenu en avance (4 secondes) si le risque mesuré le met en danger lui et les autres usagers. SafetyNex établit des rapports journaliers ou hebdomadaires (par exemple) sur la conduite de l’utilisateur et les points qu’il devrait améliorer.
Les assureurs peuvent éventuellement disposer des rapports de conduite de leurs assurés et récompenser ceux dont la conduite est sûre par rapport aux vrais indicateurs de risque. C’est ce que Nexyad appelle la signature SafetyNex de comportement en conduite.

Voir 4 films démos sur un même parcours (1mn30) :

Exemple d’un bon conducteur à la fois sûr et Eco.

Exemple d’un mauvais conducteur qui ne s’adapte pas à l’infrastructure et consomme trop de carburant.

Exemple d’un conducteur sportif, il accélère fort et freine sévèrement, il n’est pas Eco mais il est plutôt sûr.

Exemple d’un conducteur calme, il est Eco mais ne freine ni ne décélère là où il devrait (intersections, passages piétons), il est très dangereux.

French National Projects : Initiative PME (ADEME)
Safety/Risk of Accident

NEXYAD is proud to announce that our project SEMACOR has been approved.

This project will help to us to accelerate applications of road safety/ risk of accident estimation
in embedded connected devices (based on the NEXYAD software SafetyNex) : new vehicles and also telematics devices (aftermarket applications for car industry, insurance companies, etc …)

Contact NEXYAD if you need to measure both safety and eco-driving onboard : (sales@nexyad.net)
Demo of SafetyNex : https://nexyad.net/Automotive-Transportation/?page_id=441
NB : SafetyNex is THE ONLY module that measures road safety (correlated to accident), validated by
experts of French Accident Administration (cf. paper at congress PRAC 2010 « évaluation du risque
de sortie de route pour l’aide à la conduite ou le diagnostic d’infrastructure », J Brunet, P Da Silva Dias, G. Yahiaoui, Session 1 « caractérisation du risque routier »)
.


SafetyNex

NEXYAD Automotive & Transportation Newsletter #7 available !

NEXYAD Products :
Spreading the World



Summary :
– French National Projects : Initiative PME (ADEME)
– Visibility Measurement : Release v2.0 of VisiNex Onboard
– Risk & Safety Estimation in Driving : SafetyNex Software Module
– Nexyad expertise about Autonomous vehicle : ERTS2 2016 – 8th European Congress
– Future Presence of Nexyad on Congresses & Exhibitions (ADAS, Autonomous Cars & Insurance)
– Nexyad New Customers : Focus on VeDeCoM

To read the Newsletter : https://nexyad.net/Automotive-Transportation/?p=1667

7 companies to launch driverless cars by 2020

New post on Nexyad-ADAS Solutions blog

NEXYAD Intelligence : trends of driverless cars in 2020

We already showed you when you will be able to buy a driverless car using predictions from research companies and futurists. Since that article was published in July, automakers have been announcing when they anticipate to release their driverless vehicles. This was mostly done to ride the viral wave after Google’s driverless car video was released. So, which company is going to be first to deliver an autonomous model to showrooms?

We’ve grouped companies into four categories:

1.Expected to launch a driverless car by 2020
2.Expected to launch a driverless car after 2020
3.Developing a driverless car, but no official launch date
4.No expected launch of a driverless car

to read more http://www.nexyad-adas.com/archives/2016/01/18/33221555.html

NEXYAD made functional analysis of driverless car and focused on reliability and robustness. Then this high-tech SME (that already developed an autonomous vehicle in 2007 with other SMEs such as Induct, for the DARPA Challenge : team « Blue Froggie ») proposes software modules that may help (available for sale) :

RoadNex for Road Detection
ObstaNex for Obstacles Detection
VisiNex Onboard for Visibility Measurement
SafetyNex for Road Safety

Please choose Products in the menu above for further information

In-Car Sensors Put Insurers In The Driver’s Seat

By Teresa Meek

Jeff Branson, the police chief of Mattoon, Ill., has been tracking a lead-footed driver for nearly two years.

A couple of times, he’s caught the guy doing 70 in a 55. He’s confiscated the vehicle twice but never issued a ticket.

The speed demon just happens to be his 18-year-old son Chase. Branson monitors his son’s driving habits with a device provided by auto insurance provider State Farm that plugs into the car’s data port and collects information on mileage, braking, turns, acceleration, and what time of day Chase is driving. The device uploads the data to the company, which uses it to rate drivers and offer them a possible discount under the company’s “Drive Safe & Save” program. Information about Chase’s specific location and speed is sent to Branson through an optional monitoring program associated with the device but is not sent to the insurance company.

In-car sensors, or telematics, have become business as usual for major auto insurance carriers like State Farm, Progressive PGR +0.00% and Allstate ALL +0.00%, which say customers appreciate the opportunity to review their performance online and receive discounts on their insurance. The palm-sized devices plug into a car’s data port, the same spot mechanics use for vehicle diagnostics. (All cars made since 1996 have the ports.) The devices record information about mileage and speed, which is then used to calculate data about acceleration and braking trends. Some systems also have GPS capability that is relayed to insurance companies for research purposes — or to owners like Branson who opt for driver monitoring.

to read more : http://www.nexyad-adas.com/archives/2016/01/13/33197670.html

Background of NEXYAD on artificial vision-based ADAS

Among the few companies that worked on ADAS and Autonomous Vehicle since a long tima, NEXYAD is one that have the most cumulated experience.
1993 : scientific paper by Gerard Yahiaoui (Founder of NEXYAD with Pierre Da Silva Dias) with a researcher of the Automotive Company PSA Peugeot Citroën : « Texture-based Image Segmentation for Road Recognition with Neural Networks », G. Yahiaoui, M. de Saint Blancard, Sixth international conference on neural networks and their industrial & cognitive applications NeuroNîmes93, EC2, Nîmes, 1993,
2007 : participation of NEXYAD to the DARPA Challenge (Autonomous Vehicle) in the team « Blue Froggy » (with INRIA and INDUCT).
2016 : road detection, obstacle detection, road safety estimation, visibility measurement, available on smartphones (in March).

Experience matters !

What your company was doing in 1993 in the field of ADAS ?

What your company was doing in 2007 about Autonomous Cars ?

NEXYAD accumulated work on artificial vision based ADAS since more than 20 years, even when nobody believed that one day it will be camera inside cars.

You must need our know how…

Mesure du comportement de conduite des conducteurs : SafetyNex

Les Compagnies d’Assurances, les Constructeurs Automobiles et leur équipementiers ont tous des raisons pour mesurer le comportement du conducteur. Cela a déjà commencé, avec les boîtiers des assureurs dans le cadre du fameux « pay how you drive » : l’idée des compagnies d’assurance automobile est de moduler les tarifs en fonction de la dangerosité des conduites : un boîter embarqué dans le véhicule (ou une App sur le smartphone du conducteur) note le style de conduite (en utilisant les accéléromètres intégrés dans l’électronique), et lui attribue un degré de risque d’accidents.

Or, le style de conduite (exemple : freinages sévères, ou au contraire conduite coulée) n’est pas corrélé au risque d’accidents. Cela a été démontré formellement au travers de programmes de recherche collaborative (en particulier dans le cadre du programme national PREDIT sur la Sécurité Routière), et cela correspond aussi au « bon sens » : quelqu’un qui grille un stop sans faire de freinage sévère, sans accélérer comme un fou, tranquillement, à 40 km/h, est extrêmement dangereux et son comportement de conduite est fortement accidentogène, alors qu’il conduit « calmement ».
De même quelqu’un qui ne tient absolument pas compte des passages piétons (y compris lorsqu’un piéton est engagé) et le passent tranquillement sans freiner on un comportement, d’une part interdit par le code de la route, et d’autre part très accidentogène (avec des accidents mortels car il s’agit d’accident « véhicule vs vulnérable »).
Tous les boîtiers automobiles actuels qui utilisent le style de conduite comme clé de dangerosité sont donc absolument inefficaces et remontent une information fausse.
Tant qu’on ne rapproche pas le style de conduite du contexte géométrique, géographique, météo, état du conducteur etc …, on ne peux absolument rien conclure d’un style de conduite, à part pour la partie dite « Eco » (plus on conduit brutalement, moins on conserve l’inertie du véhicule, plus on consomme de carburant, et donc plus on rejette aussi de CO2).

SafetyNex

To read more : http://www.nexyad-adas.com/archives/2016/01/05/33130831.html

Some drivers are quiet but still dangerous (in a road safety point of view)

Some drivers are quiet but still dangerous (in a road safety point of view) :

Most people think that brutal drivers (strong braking, etc …) are dangerous. The hypothesis is that they do not anticipate enough and then they are
led to brake very strongly. Many Insurance Companies developped their own onboard « dirving style » estimation that scores this kind of hypothesis.

To read more : Nexyad-ADAS

SafetyNex & EcoGyzer : the Sportive-Safe Driver

SafetyNex by NEXYAD and EcoGyzer by NOMADIC SOLUTIONS together to estimate the Driver Behaviour Signature.
We ask an experimented driver to drive the same path four times with a different behaviour.
Here we show the Sportive-Safe Driver :

The Sportive-Safe Driver is not Eco, but he is safe most of the time. Despite, he accelerates strongly, he slows down when he arrives to intersections and pedestrian pathways. He has only four points in the red area of the signature mapping to compare with the Quiet-Dangerous Driver seen in an earlier news

SafetyNex World Premiere Road Safety App

NEXYAD Automotive & Transportation Newsletter #6, the 13th of november 2015



Summary :

– SafetyNex & EcoGyzer : the Driver Behaviour Signature

– Nexyad ADAS Validation Database still in progress

– ProgressRoadNex v2.2 Robustness demonstration

– Nexyad in Media

SafetyNex & EcoGyzer : the Driver Behaviour Signature

SafetyNex is a Nexyad Module for ADAS that estimates the risk (or safety) in driving 100% correlated with accidentology. It is unique and disruptive in the whole world of Road Safety.
Recently, EcoGyzer a tool by the french company Nomadic Solutions, has been integrated to SafetyNex to estimate the Eco driving.
Now we are proud to announce that SafetyNex & EcoGyzer as a world premiere App estimating the Driver Behaviour Signature. To figure the Driver Behavour Signature, we imagined a special mapping as you’ll see on the demo films.
Every second in driving, one point is plotted on the mapping. The more right a point is, the more Eco is the driving; the more up, the more safe it is. At the end of the path, there is a cloud of points called the Driver Behaviour Signature.
In the following demo films, we show four different driving behaviour signatures for the same path :


The Good Driver



The Bad Driver



The Quiet-Dangerous Driver



The Sportive-Safe Driver


Comparison of the four Driver Behaviour Signatures



* * * * *

Nexyad ADAS Validation Database still in Progress

NEXYAD has been starting the development of a data base for artificial vision-based ADAS test and validation.

This data base will be relevant and unique because it is fully decribed in two ways :
. reality : position of road and obstacles
. driving situation (i.e. curve in a foggy weather with pedestrian crossing, …) using the methology AGENDA.

To read more :
– « Methodology for ADAS validation: Potential Contribution of other Scientific Fields which have already answered the Same Questions »,
G. Yahiaoui, P. Da Silva Dias, proceedings of the 3rd CESA Automotive Electronics Congress May 2014 Paris, Lecture Notes in Mobility,
ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND AUTONOMOUS DRIVING, Jochen Langheim Ed, Springer, pp 133-138.
– « Validation of Advanced Driving Assistance Systems », G. Yahiaoui, N. du Lac, SafetyWeek congress, Aschaffenburg, May 2015.

Business details :
A part of this data base will be soon available for free on the internet, to the worldwide ADAS and Autonomous
vehicle community (labos and firms).
If you wish to receive the link as soon as it is available, click HERE and fill the registration form.
(Free access to the NEXYAD Artificial Vision-based ADAS Validation Database)
The complete data base should be available soon through an annual membership.
For more information : contact NEXYAD Olivier BENEL +33 139 04 13 60

* * * * *


RoadNex v2.2 Robustness

On a new release v2.2 of RoadNex, we’ve added an arrow that shows the direction to be followed by the vehicle according to our road detection always defined by the edges of the rollable track and the surface of the rollable track. New tests were performed on videos of different types of roads, including tracks in the desert or lit roads by car lights at night.
These examples demonstrate the robustness of our module software that is more and more a reel competitor of lanes Detection System developed by Mobileye.

See some demos below or click on images.




To see all the demo films about RoadNex, go to the Nexyad Channel in YouTube :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9eYKvsuJMepuc42nM16f1A

RoadNex 10 different roads

* * * * *


NEXYAD Automotive & Transportation in Media

Article CCFA
https://nexyad.net/Automotive-Transportation/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Article-CCFA.pngArticle Cl'eo
To read more :
https://nexyad.net/Automotive-Transportation/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Article-Cleo.png

Article ACBB
To read more :

Le smartphone pour plus de sécurité au volant ?



SafetyNex & EcoGyzer : the Quiet-Dangerous Driver

SafetyNex by NEXYAD and EcoGyzer by NOMADIC SOLUTIONS together to estimate the Driver Behaviour Signature.
We ask an experimented driver to drive the same path four times with a different behaviour.
Here we show the Quiet-Dangerous Driver :

The Quiet-Dangerous Driver is always Eco, he doesn’t accelerate too hard and he doesn’t brake strongly, but he passes through intersections and pedestrian pathways without slowing down… He is potentialy Dangerous.

SafetyNex & EcoGyzer : the Bad Driver

SafetyNex by NEXYAD and EcoGyzer by NOMADIC SOLUTIONS together to estimate the Driver Behaviour Signature.
We ask an experimented driver to drive the same path four times with a different behaviour.
Here we show the Bad Driver :